Hi,

After the “Liberation Day” speech and crazy high Tariffs, Crypto Twitter seems all doom and gloom. But the Ethereum world still has a ton of exciting updates.

Let’s get into those!

📖 2077 Research

Unpacking The Next Generation Of Ethereum L2s (V): Keystore Rollups

In our rollup series, we've already covered based rollups, booster rollups, native rollups, and gigagas rollups.

Today we cover Keystore Rollups. It's a type of L2 designed to store and manage cryptographic keys and authentication data for smart accounts.

Read the full article for the issues they address, the benefits they offer, their operational mechanics, and the limitations or challenges they may face.

Charting Ethereum's Account Abstraction Roadmap III: The Endgame

Account Abstraction is the holy grail of crypto user UX.

Ethereum’s Account Abstraction (AA) roadmap is evolving. Our new research covers the entire evolution of ETH AA, from ERC-4337 to RIP-7560 and EIP-7701.

Our thread provides a shorter version of the full report.

App-Specific Sequencing: How Apps Can Retain Their Generated MEV & Provide Better UX

The ability to sequence transactions is a highly profitable position. It is very important for many other reasons as well.

Traditionally, validators of the blockchains had this ability. But increasingly new actors are taking this ability. In the new article, we dive into everything related to applications sequencing their transactions.

Unifying the New Internet via Okto

Fragmentation is the biggest challenge in crypto.

Okto aims to solve that. It's a middleware L2 built with Polygon CDK, coordinating multichain transactions through four components: DTN (Transaction Network), ULL (Liquidity Layer), DWN (Wallet Network), and GSN (Gas Network).

Read our thread for a short summary.

🌍️ Ecosystem Updates

Pectra upgrade is scheduled for May 7th.

Fidelity has filed with US. SEC to register a tokenized US. dollar money market fund built on Ethereum.

0xbow launched Privacy Pools on mainnet. ETH users can now achieve on-chain privacy, while still dissociating from illicit funds.

Coinbase introduced Verified Pools. They're liquidity pools available only with the Coinbase Verifications credential. This could be the beginning of a more 'compliant' DeFi.

Arbitrum introduced Onchain Labs. It's an OCL program designed to accelerate emerging apps on Arbitrum.

zkSync has adopted Fermah for proof generation. Fermah is a Universal Proof Market, with Seekers on the demand side and Prover Nodes on the supply side.

Celo has officially became an Ethereum L2. They've built on Optimism's OP Stack while using EigenDA for Data Availability.

Data Availability Sampling (DAS) is a key element in Ethereum roadmap. EF has released a website at DAS.wtf for the details on that topic.

Beam chain initiative attempts to build the "final version" of the consensus layer. Here's a dedicated website where you can track everything related to it's roadmap.

PBS Foundation is a non-profit ensuring a healthy PBS ecosystem for Ethereum with stable infrastructure and fair MEV markets. They've released 2025 updates.

Paul Miller released a local ETH block explorer. This will help address the reliance on 3rd party services for block explorers.

🧪 Nerd Corner

Tim Baiko, who runs the core protocol meetings for Ethereum, proposed the reorientation of ACD to focus on scoping future forks. And elevating the existing testing calls as the main venue for the current ones.

Checkpoint will be a series of blog posts on Ethereum Foundation blog that'll give accessible, non-technical overviews of the last 4-5 All Core Devs calls.

Enshrined native L2s are rollups that are deeply integrated into Ethereum’s protocol. New research post explores the design space for it.

Optimistic V3 Relays are a new way for builders to send data to relays in a more efficient manner. It'll make it faster and cheaper to process transactions.

State growth is a big challenge for Ethereum. New research is exploring who should hold the Ethereum state.

Single-Slot Finality allows the blockchain to finalize much faster. How can Ethereum reach there and what are the tradeoffs?

Transaction processing and block building has evolved over time in Ethereum. New research looks at it's history and various actors in the system.

Blob fee market is one of the highly debated topic on Ethereum. A new EIP proposed an adaptive mean reversion blob pricing mechanism that adjusts the blob base fee based on the long-run average fee.

EIP 7918 proposes that a simple IF statement imposes that the price for target blobs is above the tx price for carrying them. It'll allow blob auction to reach equilibrium relative to the price signal.

Ethereum validators have strict limits on how many can leave at once. A new article suggest changes to enable faster exits while keeping the same level of security.

Blockchain Blotto Game is a game-theoretic framework for securing decentralized systems. It suggests using probabilistic resource allocation for better security.

Slashers are actors in blockchain network to punish/slash dishonest validators. It's a complex in Ethereum. Lazy Slasher proposal introduced a more efficient approach.

Rome, a shared sequencer project that uses Solana to sequence transactions, introduced Nexus. It presented an implementation of Ethereum L2s using the Solana validators.

EIP 9999 introduced the block-level access lists. By including a complete list of accessed addresses and storage keys in the block header, it aims to enhance transaction validation efficiency.

Some Ethereum validators need 0x00 BLS withdrawal credentials to access staked ETH. New research suggest a way to update credentials when they've lost it.

Ethereum validators with BLS (0x00) withdrawal credentials who have lost access to their withdrawal mnemonic might be able to securely update their credentials to execution-layer (0x01) credentials.

Decoupling network throughput from what local builders with minimal hardware can achieve will offer massive boost. New post explores the potential and tradeoffs of this approach.

🐦️ Top Tweets

That’s a wrap for this week!

Got any suggestions to make the newsletter better? Just hit reply — I’d love to hear them.

Cheers,
Yayya

Disclaimer: I’m not a financial or legal or any other kind of advisor. Crypto is extremely risky. This content is for education and information purposes only.